0-3岁的婴儿护理和教育任务。儿童的成长至关重要，需要各个方面的帮助和帮助。为了遵守儿童成长的规则，我们可以帮助儿童健康。让我们与您分享0-3岁的婴儿护理和婴儿护理。教育任务。

0至3岁的婴儿护理和教育任务1

（i）语言教育

我们在这里谈论的主要是指成年人和婴儿在婴儿和0至3岁的幼儿的生活环境中进行的一系列语言交流活动或特殊语言培训活动。具体而言，它包括提高婴儿和幼儿倾听和分析发音的能力，理解单词含义的能力，他们的口头表达能力，欣赏和阅读的能力等。其中，其中的核心是培养听力和说话技能。

对〜3岁的婴儿和幼儿进行表演将有助于充分利用人类关键时期带来的放大学习效果，并为发展个体语言能力的发展奠定了合格的基础。此外，遵循语言能力发展的定律并促进婴儿和幼儿语言能力的发展可以加深婴儿与成人之间的相互作用，从而促进他们的认知，情感和社会发展。

（ii）行动教育

O〜3岁婴儿主要是指系统培训活动，以进行身体运动技能，包括训练大型运动技能和训练精细运动技能。其中，对主要运动技能的训练主要是指更大的振幅（例如头部，颈部，躯干和四肢）的动作，例如抬起头，翻身，坐着，坐着，攀爬，站立，步行，步行，跳跃，站立，独自站立，上升下楼梯，移动四肢和姿势反应，训练各种运动能力，例如躯干平衡。训练精细的运动技能主要是指手指的动作，以及随后与手和眼睛合作的能力，例如抓握，摇动，摆弄，摆弄，捏拇指和食指模仿线条，折纸，对使用筷子等技能的培训。

运动不仅有助于提高〜3岁婴儿的身体适应性，从而改善/增加了0-3岁婴儿的正常身体发育，还促进了其脑神经组织的发育。它是大脑成熟的“催化剂”。更重要的是，对于0至3岁的婴儿和幼儿，运动技能也是智力和主要外部表现的重要组成部分。运动技能的发展可以增强婴儿和0至3岁的婴儿探索周围环境并扩大探索范围的能力，从而使他们可以获得更多的认知和交流机会。因此，为0至3岁的婴儿和幼儿提供行动教育也可以促进其认知能力和社会发展。

（iii）认知教育

认知教育主要是指培训〜3岁的婴儿和幼儿的认知能力，并帮助婴儿和0-3岁的婴儿在此过程中积累某些知识和经验。 In terms of cognitive ability training, it mainly includes perception, memory, attention, thinking and imagination.必须指出的是，由于〜3岁的婴儿和幼儿的典型思维方式是直观的行动思维，因此思维过程将行动作为核心，尤其是在语言能力形成之前，因此个人的认知能力主要由运动表达, so it is recognized that Knowledge education and action education are inseparable.此外，针对0至3岁的婴儿和幼儿的认知教育也应基于感官教育，并专注于积累具体和直观的认知经验，从而为获得未来的抽象认知经验奠定了坚实的基础。

(IV) Social education

Sociality refers to the individual based on their biological characteristics. Interact with the social living environment. Gradually master social norms. Form social skills. Learn social roles, gain social needs, attitudes, and values, and develop social behaviors. And interact with people with unique personality to adapt to the social environment of Gesi. Psychological characteristics formed in the process of socialization from natural persons to social persons. 1。人们普遍认为，社会性主要包括六个方面：社会认知，社会情绪，社会行为技能，社会适应，道德质量和自我意识：因为社会性主要涉及个人在与他人互动的心理特征，所以for infants and young children aged 0 to 3 must interact with them and guide them to interact with others for training.

(V) Nutrition and feeding

Nutrition and feeding mainly refer to daily dietary work in daily life care, mainly including recipe preparation, dietary preparation methods, scientific nutrition concepts and feeding methods for infants aged 0 to 3 years old. This part of the content is something that the main caregivers of infants and young children aged ~ 3 must master. Therefore, the main educational objects must cover parents of infants and young children aged 1 to 3, full-time infant care staff in early institutions, nannies responsible for caring for infants and young children aged 0 to 3, and other major caregivers.

(VI) Health and health care

Health and health care mainly refer to the prevention and treatment of common diseases in daily life care, mainly including neonatal care, planned immunity, growth and development monitoring, prevention and care of common diseases, as well as infants and young children's diet, clothing, activities, Health care, care, etc. for daily life, such as touching, bathing, etc. , This part of the content is also necessary for parents of o-3-year-old infants, full-time infant care staff in early education institutions to take care of o-3-year-old infants and other major caregivers.

Tasks of baby care and education for 0 to 3 years old

Cultivate children's hand-eye coordination skills

In infants and young children, the coordination ability of hands and eyes has a lot to do with the development of the brain. It can promote the development of the child's brain by cultivating his hand and eyes coordination ability! In life, babies will explore things they don't understand or grab them with their hands. At this time, mothers should not rush to stop them. This is the process of baby training for hand-eye coordination; or mothers can buy some early education toys to let the baby play Get exercise in the process of toys.

Pay attention to the healthy development of your baby's personality

There are obvious differences in the personalities of babies aged 2 to 3 years old. For example, some babies are lively and active, some babies are quiet and introverted, some babies develop certain good behavior tendencies, while some babies develop certain bad behavior tendencies. Although these personality traits or tendencies are easily changed and unstable, those bad budding manifestations deserve special attention. Many mothers will say that their children are still young and don't know anything, so they will be fine if they grow up, but they never expected that this will harm the children!

Based on this budding basis, the baby's personality develops. The stage of 2 to 3 years old is the period when the baby's self-awareness, moral qualities and personality traits begin to form. Mothers and fathers should pay special attention to it. Early personality formation is the future personality. The basis of development, therefore, parents should set a good behavioral model for their babies in terms of words and deeds, behavior, and moral qualities, help the babies develop their strengths and overcome their weaknesses, and enable their baby's personality to develop healthily.

Baby observation and discernment training

Observe things that your baby is interested in, such as ants moving, beautiful flowers, kittens, small fish, windy, rain, etc. During observation, mothers should combine the actual objects to tell the baby some basic and simple knowledge, and there are endless fun in life and countless knowledge. When the baby observes nature and various things in life, he will constantly increase his knowledge. In observation, the baby's attention, observation, analysis, generalization, judgment and imagination will be improved, and nature The colorful lives and phenomena will also give the baby a beautiful influence.

社交技能培训

今天的大多数婴儿都是孩子，两代人都宠坏了他，并且以自我为中心和占主导地位。 The babies cannot learn to understand others. Therefore, mothers should bring their babies more to contact with friends of the same age, so that they can know how to share and learn to express themselves, so as to improve their ability to interact with others and not be frightened. Or, parents at home can play some parent-child games with their babies, such as "playing house" to let the babies experience the roles of different family members, so as to achieve the purpose of exercising the baby.

Development of baby intelligence

Games are the best smart training. Mom and dad should often play various games with their babies to develop their babies' intelligence. Nowadays, many toys have good intellectual development effects. Intellectual puzzles are relatively complex games that match graphics. Only by finding the right module can you be embedded in the position it should. This requires the baby's observation.当婴儿重复插入后，当婴儿最终将适当的作品放在相应的位置时，他的内心也感到非常满意，并感到成就感。 This special way of observation can prepare babies to identify letters in the future.

Teach your baby to treat others with courtesy

Being polite and caring is a good behavior. Parents should pay attention to the cultivation of their baby's character. Teach your baby to learn to be polite to others, and start from every aspect of your daily life. For example, when a guest comes to say, "Hello" and "Goodbye". Etiquettes such as moving stools for guests and taking fruits should be taught to the baby. As the baby grows up, good tutoring will take effect. The baby will treat others politely in appropriate language and behavior based on his actual situation.

Tasks of baby care and education for 0 to 3 years old

0-3岁是婴儿身体和心理发展的最快阶段，儿童语言的真实形成时期以及儿童语言发展的最快阶段。

1。声音的发展

语音是口服语言的物质载体，它是表达某种语言含义的发音器官发出的声音。

在儿童掌握语言之前，有更长的语音准备阶段，称为“言语阶段”，通常是指从孩子的诞生到说出真实含义的第一个单词的能力（0-1年龄） ) is classified as the preface speech stage; from the beginning of children (2-3 years old) entering the formal speaking stage, to the period when they speak the first batch of truly generalized words, it is classified as the speech generation stage, marking the Children begin to have speech, also known as the speech generation stage; 2-3 years old is the stage when children basically master oral, and this stage will continue until before school entrance.

Phonetic development stage

1. Non-automatic sound stage (birth-20 days): The pronunciation organs make the most basic material preparations for the occurrence of speech.

2. Gugu sound stage (21 days-5 months): The sound listening ability has developed greatly, there is a large number of "playing with" sounds, and the initial sense of pronunciation imitation and "dialogue".

3。学习大喊大叫的阶段（大约6个月至1岁）：连续发音的节奏得到了增强，发音形式变得丰富而丰富多彩，并且出现了许多类似于语言的音调。 The significant feature of this stage is that the infant's ability to imitate pronunciation is greatly improved.

4。谈话阶段（1年1年半）：连续音节中的音节数量和类似单词增加，可以说出某些单词，并且毫无意义的音节减少。 This is a transitional stage in which the large pronunciation of the transition from unintentional syllables to develop .

5。积极的语音开发阶段（1岁半年龄的年龄）：从单词和句子和双词句子开始发展，以完成句子，集中的毫无意义的发音现象消失了，发音以及单词和句子are integrated together. However, due to the immature development of the pronunciation organ, many pronunciation "errors" will occur.

Characteristics of pronunciation development

1. Development of preface speech perception ability

In the pre-language stage, the ability to perceive pronunciation is the basis for children to obtain language. Recent research shows that the perception ability of Chinese children in the pre-verbal stage is divided into three levels:

（1）声音歧视级别（0-4个月）：学会区分语音和其他声音之间的差异，并获得区分不同语音的能力。大约两个月后，我们开始更清楚地了解“语音”意义上的简单发音，并可以感知声音位置和方法的变化引起的声音差异。

（2）扭矩级别（4-10个月）：能够注意句子的语气或段落的语气，了解从不同的三倍和整个发音长度的变化中感知到的声音的社会意义，并给出corresponding results The feedback of social impact.

（3）含义识别的水平（10-18个月）：当人们讲话以区分某些语音的语义内容时，它可以连接语音表示和语义表示。开始学习通过声音，押韵和语气的整体感知来接受语言，并为正式使用语言与人互动的“理解”做准备。

2. Development of pre-language pronunciation ability

语言的发音是指婴儿正式说话之前的各种发音声音，类似于讲话前的发音练习。

这个过程大致分为四个阶段：

（1）单声发声阶段（0-4个月）：可以哭泣，调整哭泣的长度，音量和音高，并使用不同的哭声来表达不同的含义和需求。

（2）音节发声阶段（4-10个月）：发音有明显的方向，对成人的社会刺激做出了反应；另一方面，辅音和元音的许多组合出现在发音中，从单音节到重叠的多音节过渡。

（3）先前的声音化阶段（10-18个月）：它可以发出一系列具有不同辅音和元音的音节，而发音就像语言一样。

（4）特殊的“儿童发音阶段（1-1个半年）：有明显的旋律和跌宕起伏的语气变化。演讲呈现出特殊的“幼稚”发音，并且经常显示出省略，替代品等特殊策略，重叠。

3。发展前语言沟通技巧

（1）产生交流的趋势（0-4个月）：逐渐发展出一种交流的趋势和兴趣。大约两个月后，您将使用表达式，动作或不同的声音表达不同的情绪，显示出明显的交流趋势。

(2) Learn the "communication" rules (4-10 months): give pronunciation responses to adult discourse teasing, and also tend to "speak" with adults in turn.以前的语言交流已经具有明显的“社会”组成部分。

(3) Extended communication function (10-18 months): It can create specific linguistic meanings through a combination of certain voice and action expressions. Infants in this period insist on expressing their personal wishes and began to create relatively fixed "communication signals", able to better understand the communication function of language, be able to interact with people through pre-language pronunciation and body behavior, and develop real language沟通能力。

4。发音收紧现象

1岁以后，婴儿具有紧密的发音现象。 The pronunciation that can be made in the preface speech stage cannot be made. The meaningless continuous syllables are greatly reduced. They are often marked with movements and gestures. When they are alone, they also stop spontaneous pronunciation activities. , a brief period of relative silence appeared.

Characteristics of pronunciation development of children aged 2-3 years old

Starting from the age of 1 and a half, children's pronunciation organs have gradually matured, their pronunciation has gradually stabilized and standardized, and the speech that cannot be released has gradually decreased, meaningless pronunciation in children's concentration has disappeared.

2. The development of vocabulary

Generally speaking, preschool children only master basic oral vocabulary, and their mastery of vocabulary is mainly reflected in the increase in the number of vocabulary, the expansion of the range of word categories, and the accuracy and deepening of the understanding of word meaning.

特征：

1. Start truly understanding language from 9 months.

2. Stages of 1 to 1 and a half years old: There are more and more connections in the mind about words and specific situations, and you can understand more words and simple sentences. Understanding and using new words often leads to generalization of word meaning, narrowing of word meaning, and specialization of word meaning.

3. 1 and a half years old to 2 years old: It is the period when children develop the fastest language and the first critical period for children to master vocabulary. The rapid increase in vocabulary has led to a "word explosion". The ability to understand continuously improves and can get rid of specific situations to understand words.

4. Stages of 2 to 2 and a half years old: vocabulary grows rapidly, the understanding of language increases rapidly, the generalization, narrowing and specialization of words decrease significantly, the understanding of word meaning becomes increasingly deepened, and the generalization of words is进一步改善。 He has a strong desire for knowledge and is interested in new words.

3. The development of grammar

特征：

1。单词句子阶段：指一个以单词为代表的句子，通常发生在1至1岁以下的年龄之间。单词中使用的单词并不是单独连接到某个对象，而是与某种情况相连。

2. Double-word sentence stage: an incomplete sentence composed of two words, sometimes composed of three words, usually occur between 1 and a half years old and 2 years old.

3. A variety of simple sentences can be used, and a compound sentence appears: after the age of 2, simple sentences will increase. Sometimes compound sentences appear, but the number is small and the proportion is small.

4。句子中的内容一词增加：随着年龄的增长，儿童用来说话的句子具有延长的趋势，句子中的内容却增加了。

5. The number of questions: around 2 years old, babies start to use questions and show a rapid growth trend.

6. Tailing strategy: Tailing strategy refers to the fact that the baby only uses some words at the end of the question to answer regardless of the actual situation. It mainly occurs between 1 and a half years old and 2 and a half years old, and this language phenomenon disappears around 3 years old.

7.抽象句子规则和系统整合：将一种新的语言现象纳入原始语言框架中，并努力使用原始规则来解释和同化，即句子规则的系统整合。

8。如果您以糟糕的方式说话，当您表达自己的话时，您通常会有“打破句子”的现象：当您用许多句子说话时，您经常会有不平稳地说话和口吃方式说话的现象。对于一个3岁的孩子来说，这是正常的自然现象。